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Ubuntu install list

Todo list to install ubuntu

Rufus USB booter

https://www.ubuntu.com/download

https://rufus.ie/

Use the default settings are OK.

Restart the machine, enter boot manager.

Zlab servers:

  • omnisky:F11

Select your USB as the starter, and choose try or install ubuntu.

To change the default boot order (e.g., if you installed new system on a different disk), you should check Hard Disk Drive BBS Priorities in BIOS config.

Installing...

Wait until you see graphics.

Choose language, how to install (alongside or erase old OS), enter your name and password.

Then another long wait...

Setting up

  • Network connection

  • Basic softwares

    #### as the root
apt update
apt upgrade

# necessary tools
apt install vim git curl net-tools tmux ssh build-essential cmake htop

# vision related
apt install feh mplayer ffmpeg

# if failed to fetch, install proxychains first
sudo proxychains apt install feh

    If wish to change apt sources:

    cd /etc/apt
# backup
cp sources.list sources.list.original
# replace the content from your source.
vi sources.list

    TUNA source: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

  • VPN

    #### as the root

### trojan client
wget -c https://kiui.moe/files/softwares/trojan-1.15.1-linux-amd64.tar.xz
tar -xvf trojan-1.15.1-linux-amd64.tar.xz

vi trojan/config.json
# edit config, don't forget the password...

sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/trojan.service
# add the following
[Unit]
Description=trojan
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
PIDFile=/home/kiui/trojan/trojan.pid # change the path if needed!
ExecStart=/home/kiui/trojan/trojan -c /home/kiui/trojan/config.json -l /home/kiui/trojan/trojan.log
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP \$MAINPID
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=1s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# start and test
sudo systemctl start trojan
sudo systemctl status trojan
sudo systemctl enable trojan

### proxychains
sudo apt install proxychains

sudo vi /etc/proxychains.conf
# add the followings
socks5 127.0.0.1 1080

curl -4 ip.sb
proxychains curl -4 ip.sb

### privoxy
sudo apt install privoxy

sudo vi /etc/privoxy/config
# add the followings
listen-address 0.0.0.0:1081 # http proxy port
toggle  1
enable-remote-toggle 1
enable-remote-http-toggle 1
enable-edit-actions 0
enforce-blocks 0
buffer-limit 4096
forwarded-connect-retries  0
accept-intercepted-requests 0
allow-cgi-request-crunching 0
split-large-forms 0
keep-alive-timeout 5
socket-timeout 60

forward-socks5 / 0.0.0.0:1080 . # trojan's socks5 proxy port

  • Customization bash & tmux

    ### as a non-root user

git clone https://github.com/ashawkey/dotfiles.git
cd dotfiles
bash install.sh

### set default proxy

vi ~/.bashrc
# add the followings
export http_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:1081"
export https_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:1081"

  • SSH settings

    ### install ssh
sudo apt install ssh # both openssh-cleint and openssh-server
sudo systemctl enable ssh
sudo systemctl start ssh

### ssh config
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Port xxxx
PermitRootLogin no
AllowUsers user1 user2

### ufw
sudo apt install ufw

# enable ipv6
sudo vim /etc/default/ufw
# set `IPV6=yes`

# set rules
sudo ufw default deny incoming
sudo ufw default allow outgoing

# allow
sudo ufw allow ssh # by default it opens 22 port
sudo ufw allow http
sudo ufw allow https
sudo ufw allow ‘Nginx Full’
sudo ufw allow 20212 # any port
sudo ufw allow 4000 # any port

  • Mount Disks

    sudo fdisk -l 
# should see /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, ...
# if partitioned, also see /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdb2, ...

sudo mkdir /data2
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /data2

# auto mount
sudo vim /etc/fstab
# /dev/sdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 2
# /dev/sdc /data2 ext4 defaults 0 2

sudo mount -av

  • NoMachine Remote desktop

    wget -c https://download.nomachine.com/download/7.10/Linux/nomachine_7.10.1_1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i nomachine_7.10.1_1_amd64.deb

    How to support headless server: https://kb.nomachine.com/AR03P00973

    Recommend to use the third way, although it requires manual setup at each reboot...:

    sudo systemctl stop gdm
sudo /etc/NX/nxserver --restart

# reconnect to nomachine, open display settings and change resolution.

  • Anaconda

    wget -c https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2022.05-Linux-x86_64.sh
bash Anaconda3-2022.05-Linux-x86_64.sh

# if you forget to add it to path, add this in ~/.bashrc

# >>> conda initialize >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$('/home/kiui/anaconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.bash' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    eval "$__conda_setup"
else
    if [ -f "/home/kiui/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
        . "/home/kiui/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
    else
        export PATH="/home/kiui/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
    fi
fi
unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda initialize <<<

# update pip
pip install --upgrade pip

  • NVIDIA driver

    Open additional drivers, choose the latest alternative driver for your GPU. (always use the latest, as it is usually backwards compatible to CUDA)

    Choose apply changes, and wait.

    Choose restart......

    Verify the driver installation by nvidia-smi.

    No devices were found:

    This can be caused by using open-kernel driver on non-open GPU (like TITAN RTX...), see here.

    You can find in /var/log/syslog:

    NVRM: Open nvidia.ko is only ready for use on Data Center GPUs.

    In such case, reinstall a driver without (open kernel) !!!

  • OpenGL

    should be installed along the Nvidia driver.

    # if it says EGL/egl.h not found
sudo apt install mesa-utils libegl1-mesa-dev

# if it says fails to open swrast 
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/ /usr/lib/dri

# if it then says cannot find GLIBCXX version in anaconda lib dir, this maybe because of a mismatch of anaconda and system lib versions... check by
l /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc* # 6.0.30
l ~/anaconda3/lib/libstdc* # 6.0.29

# fix by replacing the old one and relink
cp /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.30 ~/anaconda3/lib
cd ~/anaconda3/lib
chmod 775 libstdc++.so.6.0.30
ln -sf libstdc++.so.6.0.30 libstdc++.so.6
ln -sf libstdc++.so.6.0.30 libstdc++.so

  • CUDA

    https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads

    # download the correct runfile and run it to install
# use sh, not bash
# use root to run, do not run with sudo (will silently quit)
sh cuda.xxxx.sh
# just make sure the cuda version is compatible to the driver... (your driver is newer to the default one)
# create soft link in /user/local/cuda

# add to path
export PATH="/usr/local/cuda/bin:${PATH}"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/cuda/lib64:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"

nvcc -V

  • CuDNN

    https://developer.nvidia.com/rdp/cudnn-download

    # download and uncompress
tar -xvf cudnn-linux-x86_64-8.x.x.x_cudaX.Y-archive.tar.xz

# copy paste
sudo cp cudnn-*-archive/include/cudnn*.h /usr/local/cuda/include 
sudo cp -P cudnn-*-archive/lib/libcudnn* /usr/local/cuda/lib64 
sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn*.h /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudnn*

  • VS Code

    download the deb file to install.

Misc

  • I cannot open firefox or any other snap applications in nomachine virtual desktop...

    This seems to be a known bug...

    A workaround is to reinstall firefox in dev mode:

    sudo snap remove firefox
sudo snap install firefox --devmode

# same for the other apps
sudo snap remove snap-store
sudo snap install snap-store --devmode

  • install chrome

    wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

  • install vscode

    # link may change, better use a browser gui to download
wget 
https://vscode.download.prss.microsoft.com/dbazure/download/stable/611f9bfce64f25108829dd295f54a6894e87339d/code_1.90.1-1718141439_amd64.deb

sudo dpkg -i code_1.90.1-1718141439_amd64.deb